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45 pages 1 hour read

On the Edge of the Dark Sea of Darkness

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2008

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Introductions-Chapter 9Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Introductions to the World of Aerwiar, The Land of Skree, and the Igiby Cottage Summary

Content Warning: This section of the guide discusses the source text’s depictions of antisemitism and Islamophobia.

The story begins with a creation myth: The first man and woman, Dwayne and Gladys, awoke, having been created by the Maker, and Dwayne said “Well, here we are” (11), which is why people now call the world “Aerwiar.” Aerwiar has two continents. The western one is Skree. East, across the Dark Sea of Darkness, lies the continent of Dang, which is inhabited by violent lizard people called the Fangs. The Fangs are ruled by Gnag the Nameless. A decade ago, the Fangs invaded and occupied Skree. The Igiby family lives in a small cottage in the village of Glipwood, which is set on the cliffs next to the Dark Sea of Darkness. The three Igiby children live with their mother and grandfather.

Chapter 1 Summary: “The Carriage Comes, the Carriage Black”

Twelve-year-old Janner Igiby lies in bed and hears the terrifying rumble of the Black Carriage. The Fangs regularly kidnap children and take them away in the Black Carriage to be tortured and killed. This time, the carriage continues past Igiby's cottage, and Janner and his siblings are safe.

Chapter 2 Summary: “Nuggets, Hammers, and Totatoes”

Janner, Tink, and Leeli hurry to complete their chores. Today is the Dragon Day festival, where dragons rise out of the sea, and the children want to go to town for the festivities. While shoveling hay, Janner sneaks a look at a drawing he recently found of his father. Janner’s father died many years ago, and nobody ever talks about him. Tink tries to repair the cottage’s roof, but he is terrified of heights. Leeli, who walks with a crutch, helps her mother Nia in the kitchen alongside her dog, Nugget.

Chapter 3 Summary: “Thwaps in a Sack”

The children’s ex-pirate grandfather, Podo, tries to rid the garden of pests called thwaps. Today, for the first time, the children will go to the festival without adults. Janner is responsible for keeping his siblings safe, a job he is not sure he wants or is prepared for. He wishes he could leave Glipwood and have adventures.

Chapter 4 Summary: “A Stranger Named Esben”

Janner shows Nia and Podo the drawing of his father. He found it in his mother’s room. Neither of them wants to talk about him, but Nia lets slip that his name was Esben. He died fighting the Fangs in the Great War. Janner wants to ask more questions, but it is time to go into town.

Chapter 5 Summary: “The Bookseller, the Sock Man, and the Glipwood Township”

The siblings hurry into Glipwood, though they cannot go faster than Leeli can walk with her crutch. They visit the bookshop, which is run by an old man named Oskar N. Reteep. His employee, Zouzab Koit, belongs to a species called Ridgerunners. Zouzab is a small creature with “stubbly hair and pointed features” who likes to climb the bookshelves (39). The children then see Peet the Sock Man, a strange vagrant who wanders around with socks on his hands.

Chapter 6 Summary: “A Bard at Dunn’s Green”

The children explore the festival and spend most of the day watching sports on a lawn. There are people from all over who have come to Glipwood for the day, and some of them dress very strangely. Armulyn the Bard, a traveling musician, arrives. He claims he has been to Anniera, a legendary island previously ruled by King Wingfeather that fell when the Fangs invaded. The Fangs disapprove of Armulyn. When he starts his performance by saying, “Fangs are ugly!” (50), they rush toward the stage to attack him.

Chapter 7 Summary: “Barefoot and Beggarly”

The festival grounds briefly erupt into chaos as the Fangs approach the stage. Armulyn starts singing, and the Fangs freeze. They find music very distressing to listen to. Although they threaten him, they do not kill him. After Armulyn’s performance, it is nearly time for the dragons to emerge. Tink and Janner turn to find Leeli so that they can get a good seat, but she and Nugget are nowhere to be found. The brothers panic and search the area, to no avail. Eventually, they hear a dog barking and a girl screaming. They run toward the noise.

Chapter 8 Summary: “Two Thrown Stones”

The boys find their sister in an alley. Two Fangs have captured Leeli, and one of them is trying to stab Nugget. Leeli kicks one of the Fangs in an effort to escape. The brothers try to fight the Fangs, but they are not strong enough, especially given that the Fangs’ fangs are covered in venom that burns the boys’ skin. When all hope seems lost, two rocks fly directly into the alley, each knocking out one of the Fangs. The children cannot see who has helped them. They flee the scene with Nugget.

Chapter 9 Summary: “The Glipper Trail”

Worried about what will happen when the Fangs wake up, the children hurry home, hoping to find Podo. The cottage is empty. The siblings decide to look for Nia and Podo back at the festival, but they take the isolated and dangerous cliffside Glipper Trail to get there so that the Fangs do not find them. Tink is terrified. They get to an isolated spot on the cliffs just as the dragons start to sing.

Introductions-Chapter 9 Analysis

On the Edge of the Dark Sea of Darkness is firmly entrenched in Christian doctrine, which is most apparent in the opening chapters. The story of Dwayne and Gladys is a direct parallel to the story of Adam and Eve, and the characters often pray to or thank the Maker, a parallel to the Christian God. The description of the Fangs of Dang and their invasion of Skree suggests a correlation with Islamophobic and antisemitic tropes. By placing Fang in the eastern part of the world and by having the Fangs invade the western continent, Peterson positions the residents of the eastern continent as inherently violent and evil, echoing historical biases against the generalized “East” by white, Christian cultures. Similarly, the inclusion of sentient lizard people who specifically target children has aspects in common with two antisemitic conspiracy theories. The first is the reptilian conspiracy theory, which suggests that Jewish people are lizard-like aliens who secretly control the world. The second, known as blood libel, is the suggestion or accusation that Jewish people kill Christian children as part of a religious ritual. 

These problematic elements complicate the theme of The Struggle Between Good and Evil in the novel. It is clear that the Igibys, and the people of Glipwood more broadly, are the primary force of good in the story, while the Fangs are evil. Much like the orcs in Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings, the Fangs are only evil. They enjoy hurting people, and they want to commit evil acts. All the Fangs that appear in the story are soldiers; there is no discussion of what Fang culture is like, and there are no Fang children or women in the book. By flattening the characters and their culture in this way, Peterson creates a clear moral high ground for the protagonists that can never be called into question, painting a one-sided view of war and conflict. 

On the Edge of the Dark Sea of Darkness is a story that addresses The Process of Self-Discovery and Coming of Age for all three of the children but especially for Janner. At 12 years old, he is starting to question his place in the world. He wants to travel and experience new things, but he has no means of leaving Glipwood. As the eldest, it is his responsibility to protect Tink and Leeli. Whether he is ready for that responsibility, whether he wants to bear it in the first place, and whether he has a choice are all questions that are set up in this section for later exploration. Tink and Leeli, being younger than Janner, do not question their roles in the world in these early chapters. As this book is the first in a series, some elements of this theme remain incomplete, as they are being set up for future installments.

In the novel, the author also immediately introduces Janner’s struggle with questions surrounding The Discovery of Ancestral Legacy. He has spent all his life in Glipwood, but he wants to leave and see the world. He does not feel as though he belongs, but he cannot say why. He also wants to learn more about his father, Esben, which would give him a sense of legacy and belonging that he has never been able to access. For reasons that are unclear to Janner and to the reader at this stage, Nia and Podo categorically refuse to talk about Esben. While Janner asks a few hesitant questions, he is quick to accept his mother and grandfather’s boundaries when they refuse to answer him.

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