logo

50 pages 1 hour read

Prep

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2005

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Symbols & Motifs

Ault as a Separate World

Ault symbolizes a separate world, and Lee feels like she has to be someone else when she’s in the Ault universe. As parents’ weekend arrives, and the outside world clashes with the Ault world, Lee states, “[N]o matter what my parents might think, this—my Ault self—was now my real self” (251). Lee’s identity precludes who she was in Indiana before Ault. To fit into the distinct world of Ault, she becomes someone new, and she doesn’t want her parents to corrupt who she thinks she is at Ault. The parents become foreign bodies or others. They’re not a part of the Ault world, and, as working-class people, they don’t belong there. Lee admits, “If we left campus, it would be different. If we went into Boston, say—in Boston, we’d get along” (266). Boston represents another universe—a place that doesn’t have to adhere to the rules and standards of Ault—so Lee and her parents can get along there.

During senior week, Lee returns to Boston again and exclaims, “The world was so big!” (570). In other words, there’s an entire world beyond Ault, so maybe she didn’t have to make it seem Ault equaled the universe. Lee’s distorted sense of Ault perpetuates its symbolism as a closed-off space, but the students subvert it. Lee’s parents can get along in the world of Ault, as her friends like Terry and his blunt sense of humor.

Separate from Lee and her parents, Ault functions as an ulterior world. It’s a place with its own holidays, idioms—such as “therein lies the paradox” (153)—and schedule (classes run Monday through Saturday). It also has its own media via the newspaper, The Ault Voice, which has a gossip section, Low Notes, that turns the students into celebrities. When Lee asks about Cross, Aspeth quips, “Like, the Cross Sugarman? The famous Cross Sugarman?” (217). Removed from Ault, the students lose their mysticism and become regular, though privileged, people. Aspeth isn’t “the queen” (356) but a boutique owner, and Cross works in finance.

Sex as Validation

The students routinely discuss sex at Ault, and the topic symbolizes validation. Their knowledge of sex and willingness to talk about sex and have sex proves that they belong at Ault and fit in with its universe. Lee refers to Aspeth as “the queen of our class” (356), and Aspeth is one of the first characters to mention something sexual when she says, “I just want to say that whoever is leaving pubic hair in the bathroom sink, could you please clean it up” (21). Conversely, Lee isn’t comfortable talking about sex: She doesn’t fit in or get validation. She abstains from the sexualized “drag dance,” and when Cross mentions oral sex at the diner, Lee replies awkwardly. Yet, sex can also validate Lee’s place at Ault. She proves she belongs with Martha when she jokes about “Mr. Byden having a boner” (149), and performing oral sex on Cross gives her a sense of belonging. As Lee says, “I felt a sort of nobility—a kinship with all the girls who’d done this before me for the boys they liked” (446).

Cross engages in sexual activity—with Sophie Turner, with Lee, and possibly with Aspeth and Melodie Ryan—and the sex validates him and makes him into an Ault celebrity. Cross is the custodian of the “fish or cheese” list (372), which helps sustain his sexual status. As he doesn’t include Lee on the list, he shows some consideration of her. He doesn’t have to completely comply with the boys’ demeaning norms—he doesn’t need their validation because he already has it.

Diversity

The motif of diversity supports the theme of Identity Construction. At Ault, race and ethnicity play a prominent role in how people see one another. Lee harps on Dede’s Jewish identity and regularly points out people’s race. She says Little Washington is “the only black girl in the dorm” (23), Darden Pittard is the “class’s cool black guy” (61), Kevin Brown is the “other black guy […] who wasn’t cool” (62), and Rufina Sanchez and Maria Oldega are “the only Latina girls in our class besides Conchita” (240-41).

Ault turns diversity into a superficial exercise. It uses non-white students to advertise its tolerance and progressiveness, and the school treats them as symbols, not humans. Headmaster Byden reduces students to categories based on race, gender, and ethnicity when he tells Lee, “We have girls, we have blacks, we have Hispanics. Despite their reputation, boarding schools are mirrors of American society” (501). This description elides individuality and echoes the school’s self-congratulatory tone in its promotion of diversity. 

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
Unlock IconUnlock all 50 pages of this Study Guide

Plus, gain access to 8,800+ more expert-written Study Guides.

Including features:

+ Mobile App
+ Printable PDF
+ Literary AI Tools