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41 pages 1 hour read

The Exorcist

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1971

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Symbols & Motifs

Clothes, Prayers, and Bibles

Religious vestments, prayers, and books reflect the power of the church to combat evils ranging from demons to the difficulties faced by the characters. 

Through Karras is a well-respected Jesuit priest, he is close to losing his faith after the loss of his mother. Because of this crisis of faith, Karras executes his duties—dressing in priestly attire, saying Mass when required, and studying the Bible—only performatively. These are exterior affectations: Karras plays the role of a priest, so, he uses the clothes, prayers, and books that symbolize belief to hide his crisis of faith from the world. 

But these items are also the primary weapons used against demons. Merrin takes great care to prepare for the confrontation with Regan’s possessor. He dresses in the right manner, stocks up on holy water, recites prayers to himself, and carries out the correct ritual many times. Now, religious items take on a new power: Karras draws strength from them because Merrin and the demon imbue the items with symbolic meaning. As his faith is restored, Karras uses objects as before—he prays, wears priestly clothing, and reads from religious texts—but he does so with conviction. These items no longer symbolize his crisis of faith, but the restoration of his belief.

Bodily Fluids

The disgusting bodily fluids Regan’s body spews when possessed illustrate the terrible power of the demon’s corruption. They are also an effective allegory for contemporary society’s response to emerging adolescent sexuality and the messy effects of puberty on the female teenage body. At first, Regan’s bedroom has a bad smell and Regan urinates on the floor the middle of a dinner party. Later, Regan frequently urinates in her bed, vomits bile on those who come near her, and defecates in front of others. The culmination of body fluid horror comes from Regan’s bloody masturbation scenes.

Regan’s changing body profoundly embarrasses and horrifies Chris, and the doctors brought in to help immediately want to sedate Regan and render her almost comatose. Removed from the demonic possession, the specifics of Regan’s transformation mimic and parody puberty. The smell and incontinence satirize increased body odor and the need for better personal hygiene, while the grotesque masturbation bleeding corresponds to menstruation and the loss of virginity.

Everyone around Regan is disgusted by her, and the demon uses her increasingly cloying and vile bodily fluids to repel those who come close. This culminates in the final exorcism scenes, in which the demon vomits bile over Merrin, a symbolic rejection of his religious authority—and the church’s stance on female sexuality in general. Merrin’s ignores this bile and eventually he and Karras overcome the demon, shutting down Regan’s nascent adolescence and suppressing her anti-authoritarian impulses until only her small, weak voice remains.

Cinema

Cinema is a motif for escapism and bonding, present in some of the novel’s lighter moments. Chris is a famous movie star, whose celebrity precedes her arrival in Georgetown. Characters know about her before they meet her, and are pleasantly surprised when their presumptions about her are wrong—she is actually a down-to-earth, friendly person. She signs autographs and chats about her roles, happy to indulge her fans. This creates two different versions of Chris MacNeil: the actual woman suffering alongside her daughter and the glamorous star invited to the White House and feted by senators and astronauts. The cinematic version of Chris provides funding and fame for the real version.

Cinema is also very important to Kinderman, who unabashedly loves the movies. For Kinderman, cinema becomes a means of connecting with people—he invites people to the movies after having just met them. He himself is a stereotypical movie gumshoe: hard-nosed, determined, cunning, and able to connect clues. His ability to do what’s right rather than adhere to the letter of the law seems informed by his appreciation of cinema. 

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