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53 pages 1 hour read

The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1759

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Volume 9Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Volume 9 Summary

Tristram describes his mother’s desire to watch Toby pursue his romantic interest in Widow Wadman. Toby has been prepared by Trim, who has done his best to make Toby’s old uniform look presentable. Tristram assures the audience that Toby’s good character outshines his scruffy uniform. Toby and Trim launch their carefully crafted plan of attack, but once they reach her house, Trim distracts them both with a long anecdote about his brother. He tells the story of how his brother met a widow in Lisbon. She was a Jewish sausage maker who had been arrested by the Inquisition. As the story continues, Walter and Elizabeth become frustrated by the delay. Tristram reviews what he has written and worries about striking the right balance between “wisdom and folly” (504). He spends several chapters discussing the nature of literature, including his own writing, and pushes back against any accusations of indecency. He proves that his writing is clean by referencing his own laundry bills. Just as he is about to launch into another “Digression,” he realizes that he has already done so. He switches his attention back to Toby.

Widow Wadman and Bridget are waiting inside her house. They are expecting to hear a knock on the door. Outside, Trim is about to lift the knocker. Toby has a sudden pang of nerves, but before he can tell Trim to stop, Trim lifts the knocker and lets it fall. Bridget opens the door and ushers the men inside. Tristram’s narration is replaced by two blank pages where Chapters 23 and 24 should be. When the narration begins again, Toby is making a series of sexually suggestive remarks. He invites Widow Wadman to “lay [her] finger upon the place” where he was wounded (514).

Tristram cites the work of Slawkenbergius, who wrote about how women choose their partners. He mentions that Widow Wadman has had her own doubts about whether Toby is a suitable husband. Tristram assures the audience that Toby is physically suitable, despite his war wound. In the meantime, Bridget has been tasked by her employer to discover the extent and implications of Toby’s wound. She consults with Trim, trying to extract this information.

Just as he is about to arrive at the “choicest morsel” of the story, Tristram stops himself. He is abruptly concerned about his literary skills and his suitability as a narrator. He calls for aid from Miguel de Cervantes, the author of Don Quixote, which reminds him of the time he spent touring through France and Italy. He is upset that no one will ever quite understand why he needed to leave blank pages, and he reiterates his favorite mantra, “[L]et people tell their stories their own way” (524). Tristram describes what happened during the blank pages. Toby tells Widow Wadman that he loves her. She pauses awkwardly for a moment and then raises the matter of children. Toby is confused as to why she would ask this. In his confusion, he asks her to marry him. Returning to the present moment, Tristram describes the way Widow Wadman grills Toby about the implications of his wound. He is impressed by the humanity of her questions. She asks him to tell her exactly where he was injured. Toby sends for a map of the battlefield and, taking her finger, points out the exact location.

Trim picks up the map and shows it to Bridget, launching into a long explanation of his own role in the battle. Bridget cuts him short. She asks him directly whether Toby’s wound has made him impotent. Trim says that it has not. Following this, he convinces Bridget of his own romantic intentions toward her. Having achieved relative success in their plan, Toby and Trim continue to court Widow Wadman and Bridget over successive afternoons. Eventually, Trim reveals to Toby the purpose behind Widow Wadman’s initial hesitation. Toby becomes disillusioned with the idea of love. When rumors spread about how badly Toby misunderstood Widow Wadman, people in the community laugh at him. Walter is furious. He defends his brother. Tristram ends the novel by telling a story about a cock and bull. Obadiah enters a room to complain to Walter that his prized bull is impotent. Yorick jokes that this is “[a] COCK and a BULL” story and one of the best he has ever heard (539).

Volume 9 Analysis

Elizabeth and Walter watching Toby go to court Widow Wadman brings the theme of The Interplay of Life and Literature to its culmination through the metafictional juxtaposition of the characters’ and reader’s experiences. As Toby and Trim get sidetracked at Widow Wadman’s door, Elizabeth voices her annoyance that they cannot continue in an orderly manner. She is frustrated by the constant delays. Elizabeth’s frustrated voyeurism mirrors the experience of the reader. Like Elizabeth, the reader has attempted to follow Tristram’s story, only to be beset by a constant barrage of delays. Like Elizabeth, the reader is watching from afar as other people attempt (often unsuccessfully) to make sense of their own emotions. In this way, the description of Elizabeth hints that Tristram is aware of his denial of narrative catharsis to his audience. Once Trim and Toby vanish into Widow Wadham’s house, Elizabeth realizes with frustration that she will not get to watch the culmination of the drama. The anticlimax Elizabeth experiences as she watches Toby with anticipation and then realizes she will not see the conclusion of his story foreshadows the anticlimax of the novel’s imminent conclusion.

The first anticlimax is the resolution of Toby’s romance. Tristram has been promising the story of Toby’s affair with the Widow Wadman for most of the novel, only for the story to end in failure. Toby declares his love for the Widow Wadman and even asks her to marry him, only for their nascent relationship to crumble when Toby’s hobbyhorse causes him to misinterpret a sexual innuendo. Before accepting Toby’s proposal, Widow Wadman wants to know whether his wound has rendered him impotent. When she asks where he was injured, however, Toby asks Trim to fetch the map of the battlefield. Because of the pattern of associations in his mind, her question about the location of his wound makes him think she wants to know the geographic place where he was wounded, rather than the place on his body. Toby is mortified when Trim explains his misunderstanding, and he swears off love for life. Toby’s relationship with Widow Wadman fails as a result of a combination of Association, Digression, and the Nature of Memory and Toby’s Sympathy and Benevolence. Because everything Toby encounters becomes entangled in his memories of and associations with the battle where he was wounded, he cannot understand Widow Wadman’s questions. When he does understand her, his embarrassment at her sexual and reproductive concerns shows the depth of his modesty and sensitivity. Tristram’s narration treats Toby’s failures with compassion and sympathy, framing them as the result of his naïve but good nature, but they are failures, nevertheless. Though Toby is not physically impotent, he is emotionally impotent, and the outcome is the same as if he had been sexually disabled by his wound.

After the anticlimactic conclusion to the Widow Wadman affair, Tristram ends his story in his family home. Obadiah bursts into the room to accuse Walter’s prize bull of infertility. At this time, the timeline is so confused that Yorick—whose death was mourned with blank pages earlier in the novel—is alive and well. Not only is he alive, but he is given the final words in the story. Yorick declares that everything he has heard, from Toby’s failure to Obadiah’s complaint, is one of the best cock and bull stories that he has ever heard. Idiomatically, a cock and bull story is a story that is exaggerated and far-fetched. This could be applied to the novel as a whole. In this specific case, the “cock and bull story” also alludes to the motif of impotency, adding Walter’s bull’s alleged impotence to Toby’s and Tristram’s. If Tristram Shandy was an attempt to reproduce a complete understanding of a person through narrative means, it is a failure. Tristram began his story by attempting to describe his own conception, and both the conception and the story were interrupted. He ends with a symmetrical allusion to failed reproduction, creating a cycle of fertility and infertility that can never be truly explained or resolved. On this note, with the hint of a sexual pun, Tristram bids farewell to his reader.

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