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57 pages 1 hour read

Winger

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2013

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Symbols & Motifs

Rugby

Rugby is so central to Ryan Dean’s identity that his position—a “wing”, of which there are two on a team, usually positioned on the edge of a play—is the basis for his school nickname “Winger” amongst his peers. Tellingly, Annie, a girl, doesn’t call Ryan Dean Winger but rather “West” or “Ryan Dean.” suggesting that his experience of sports is heavily male-centric. Rugby facilitates a sense of self-worth as Ryan Dean’s slight stature and young age become advantages rather than drawbacks on the rugby field, or “pitch.” For a “winger”, whose job is to get the ball and outrun an opponent to score a “try,” being small and quick is an advantage. Ryan Dean tells the reader, “I might have been smaller and younger than the other boys, but I was the fastest runner in the whole school for anything up to a hundred meters, so by the end of the season last year […] I was playing wing for the varsity” (11). The sport, therefore, provides Ryan Dean with an opportunity to use the traits he doesn’t like about himself in a way that helps him feel like he can contribute to a common goal.

Significantly, most of the major characters in Winger are involved with the rugby team, including Joey, who serves as one of the team captains. The sport provides Ryan Dean with a chance to feel valuable, instilling him with a sense of belonging. It provides an opportunity to hone his skills in a way that complements his academic achievements. And his rugby skills serve as a kind of currency in the male world. For example, he bonds with Annie’s dad right away over their shared love of the sport, and Annie’s parents visit the school in the fall in part so her dad can watch Ryan Dean play. He also learns that his intensity on the pitch earns Chas’s respect, who says: “I think half your scrawny-ass weight must be taken up by balls, Winger” (427). These emotions all take on increased importance because of the few other opportunities that the boarding school atmosphere provides for students to feel kinship and trust within a group, particularly for those whose families are distant physically or emotionally. Spending most of their time outside of a traditional family structure denies these students one avenue of feeling belonging, trust, and closeness. Additionally, Ryan Dean’s living arrangement in O-Hall only reinforces his closeness with his rugby teammates rather than bringing new, close relationships. Therefore, rugby is one of his only sources for this aspect of socialization.

Hawthorne, Melville, and Hemingway’s Writings

Ryan Dean studies various pieces of literature in his English class throughout the book. There are three works that he mentions by name: the short story “Rappaccini’s Daughter” by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the novella Billy Budd, Foretopman by Herman Melville, and the short story “The Three-Day Blow” by Ernest Hemingway. These pieces of literature all hold significant resemblances to the themes and story of Winger.

In “Rappaccini’s Daughter”, a young man struggles to understand and woo a woman who is herself immune to poison but transmits it to others through her touch and breath. The emotional elements of the main characters’ relationship bear a resemblance to Ryan Dean and Annie’s as he pursues her—and he uses a quote from the story as a pick-up line (128). The poisoning aspect of the story is echoed in Ryan Dean’s fear of Mrs. Singer and her “curses.” Billy Budd involves a young man’s crime on a ship in the 1700s, a tense, violent, male-dominated atmosphere that is suggestive of the one Ryan Dean experiences at Pine Mountain. The murder in the story also foreshadows Joey’s. Finally, Ryan Dean uses the Hemingway story “The Three-Day Blow” as a bribe to get him and his friends into the dance. In the story, two male friends get drunk and discuss the end of one of their romantic relationships. This brings to mind the social drinking and discussions between Ryan Dean and his dormmates, as they use alcohol to engender feelings of rapport.

The three texts all involve male identity and relationships between and among the sexes. These concerns mirror Ryan Dean’s, and it is significant that the pieces were all written by male authors—one of whom, Hemingway, was known for a “macho male” personality. These parallels reinforce Ryan Dean’s English teacher’s interpretation of finding meaning in texts: He says that “it didn’t matter what a writer intended his work to mean, that the only thing that mattered was what it meant to the reader” (138). The relevance of these texts to Ryan Dean’s personal journey suggests that Smith deliberately chose these examples of literature to add another layer of symbolism to Winger.

Venn Diagram

Ryan Dean uses or refers to a Venn diagram to represent himself and other people throughout the story. Usually, one of the circles refers to him and the other to someone else or a group of people. Part One of Winger, for example, is titled “The Overlap of Everyone,” which reinforces the symbolic use of the diagram. In this case, the two circles of the diagram are Ryan Dean and his classmates. He attempts to use the diagram to explain his emotions to Annie, as when he starts to draw one for her in Chapter 18. He later presents one to her as he asks her to stop thinking about him as a little boy. And Annie begins to associate the diagram with Ryan Dean, as demonstrated when she shows him the Venn-diagram-like graffiti in the sawmill. The illustration moves from being a vehicle for Ryan Dean to express his understanding of the world to being a symbol of the relationship between him and Annie, who become the overlapping circles. 

However, Ryan Dean only presents Venn diagrams with two circles in the book. Venn diagrams, in reality, can include another circle with another three areas of overlap between two or more circles. Omitting this possibility, which would add complexity and nuance to the diagram, simplifies it. This incomplete understanding of the diagram represents Ryan Dean’s still somewhat simplistic understanding of himself, other people, and life. It is also ironic that he doesn’t present a three-circle diagram because he is in fact involved in two “love triangles” in the story: the one between him, Annie, and Megan, and one between him, Chas, and Megan as he disrupts their relationship.

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